Rosemonde Cowan (Rosa Rolanda, Mrs. Miguel Covarrubias): A Multidisciplinary Artist

• Born: Azusa, United States of America (1895)
• Died: 1970

Rosemonde Cowan, also known as Rosa Rolanda and Mrs. Miguel Covarrubias, was a remarkable American artist who excelled in dance, photography, and painting. Born in Azusa, California, in 1895 to Henry Charles Cowan, an engineer, and Guadalupe Ruelas, of Mexican descent, her artistic journey spanned several decades and encompassed diverse creative expressions.

Early Career: Dance and Broadway

• Broadway Debut: Rolanda's career began in 1916 with a celebrated performance in Lee Shubert’s "Over the Top," launching a successful dance career throughout the 1920s.
• European Tours: She toured Europe as part of the Ziegfeld Follies dance troupe, gaining international recognition.
• Musical Performances: Rolanda continued to perform in notable musicals such as "Around the Town" and “The Garrick Gaieties.”

It was during her work on "The Garrick Gaieties" that she met Mexican artist Miguel Covarrubias, marking a significant turning point in her life and career.

Photography and Collaboration with Miguel Covarrubias

• Move to Mexico: In 1925, Rolanda married Covarrubias and the couple traveled to Mexico, where she began exploring photography.
• Published Works: Her photographs were featured in Covarrubias's best-selling books, "Island of Bali" (1938) and "Mexico South: Isthmus of Tehuantepec" (1946), showcasing her keen eye for cultural detail and visual storytelling.
• “Ameridinian” Issue of Dyn: Her work also appeared in the “Ameridinian” issue of Wolfgang Paalen’s journal, "Dyn," published in 1943.

Rolanda experimented with photograms during the late 1920s or early 1930s, creating a series of surrealist self-portraits possibly influenced by Man Ray, who photographed her in Paris in 1923.

Painting and Artistic Development

• Beginnings in Painting: Rolanda began painting around 1926.
• Subject Matter: Her canvases primarily depicted colorful folkloric scenes of children and festivals, portraits of friends (including actresses Dolores del Río and María Félix), and self-portraits.
• Solo Exhibition: In 1952, she exhibited her paintings in a solo show at the Galeria Souza in Mexico City.

Following Covarrubias's separation from her in 1952, Rolanda’s work took on a more introspective tone, as seen in pieces like "Autorretrato" (self-portrait), reflecting personal turmoil.

Legacy and Historical Significance

• Multidisciplinary Artist: Rosemonde Cowan/Rosa Rolanda stands out as a versatile artist who seamlessly blended dance, photography, and painting.
• Cultural Documentation: Her photographic work documenting Mexican culture and traditions provides valuable insights into the period.
• Surrealist Influences: Her experimentation with photograms demonstrates an engagement with avant-garde artistic movements of her time.

Rosemonde Cowan (Rosa Rolanda, Mrs. Miguel Covarrubias) died in Mexico City in 1970, leaving behind a legacy as a pioneering multidisciplinary artist whose work continues to be appreciated for its cultural richness and artistic innovation.